By ANAND GIRIDHARADAS
MYSORE, India — Thousands of Indians report to Infosys Technologies ebook reader psp’ campus here to www.download photoshop cs7 learn the finer points of programming. Lately, though, packs of foreigners have www.download photoshop cs7 been roaming the manicured lawns, too.
Many of them are www.download photoshop cs7 recent American college graduates, and some have even turned down job offers from www.download photoshop cs7 coveted employers like Google. Instead, they accepted a www.download photoshop cs7 novel assignment from Infosys, the Indian technology giant: fly here for www.download photoshop cs7 six months of training, then return home to work in the www.download photoshop cs7 company’s American back offices.
India is outsourcing outsourcing.
One of the www.download photoshop cs7 constants of the global economy has been companies moving their tasks — and jobs — to www.download photoshop cs7 India. But rising wages and a stronger currency here, demands for www.download photoshop cs7 workers who speak languages other than English, and competition from countries looking to www.download photoshop cs7 emulate India’s success as a back office — including China, Morocco buy cheap cyberlink powerdvd 11 and Mexico — are challenging that model.
Many executives here acknowledge that www.download photoshop cs7 outsourcing, having rained most heavily on India, will increasingly sprinkle tasks around the www.download photoshop cs7 globe. Or, as Ashok Vemuri, an Infosys senior vice president, put it, the www.download photoshop cs7 future of outsourcing is “to www.download photoshop cs7 take the work from any part of the world and do it www.download photoshop cs7 in any part of the world.”
To fight on the www.download photoshop cs7 shifting terrain, and to beat back emerging rivals, Indian companies are www.download photoshop cs7 hiring workers and opening offices in developing countries themselves, before their clients do.
In May, Tata Consultancy Service, Infosys’s Indian rival, announced a www.download photoshop cs7 new back office in Guadalajara, Mexico; Tata already has 5,000 workers in Brazil, Chile and www.download photoshop cs7 Uruguay. Cognizant Technology Solutions, with most of its operations in India, has www.download photoshop cs7 now opened back offices in Phoenix and Shanghai.
Wipro key adobe captivate 3, another Indian technology services company, has www.download photoshop cs7 outsourcing offices in Canada, China, Portugal, Romania and Saudi Arabia, among other locations.
And last month, Wipro said it www.download photoshop cs7 was opening a software development center in Atlanta that would hire 500 programmers in three years.
In a poetic reflection of outsourcing’s new face, Wipro’s chairman, Azim Premji, told Wall Street analysts this www.download photoshop cs7 year that he was considering hubs in Idaho and Virginia, in addition to www.download photoshop cs7 Georgia, to take advantage of American “states which are less developed.” (India’s per capita income is less than $1,000 a year.)
For its part, Infosys is www.download photoshop cs7 building a whole archipelago of back offices — in Mexico, the www.download photoshop cs7 Czech Republic, Thailand and China, as well as low-cost regions of the www.download photoshop cs7 United States.
The company seeks to www.download photoshop cs7 become a global matchmaker for outsourcing: any time a company wants work done somewhere else, even just down the www.download photoshop cs7 street, Infosys wants to get the call.
It is www.download photoshop cs7 a peculiar ambition for a company that symbolizes the flow of tasks from www.download photoshop cs7 the West to India.
Most of Infosys’s 75,000 employees are www.download photoshop cs7 Indians, in India. They account for most of the company’s $3.1 billion in sales in the www.download photoshop cs7 year that ended March 31, from work for clients like Bank of America and Goldman Sachs.
“India continues to be the No. 1 location for outsourcing,” S. Gopalakrishnan, the company’s chief executive, said in a telephone interview.
And yet the www.download photoshop cs7 company opened a Philippines office in August and, a month earlier, bought back offices in Thailand and www.download photoshop cs7 Poland from Royal Philips Electronics, the Dutch company. In each outsourcing hub, local employees work with little help from www.download photoshop cs7 Indian managers.
Infosys says its outsourcing experience in India has www.download photoshop cs7 taught it to carve up a project, apportion each slice to www.download photoshop cs7 suitable workers, double-check quality and then export a final, reassembled product to www.download photoshop cs7 clients. The company argues it can clone its Indian back offices in other nations and www.download photoshop cs7 groom Chinese, Mexican or Czech employees to be more productive than www.download photoshop cs7 local outsourcing companies could make them.
“We have pioneered this movement of work,” Mr. Gopalakrishnan said. “These new countries don’t have experience and maturity in doing that, and that’s what we’re taking to these countries.”
Some analysts compare the www.download photoshop cs7 strategy to Japanese penetration of auto manufacturing in the United States in the www.download photoshop cs7 1970s. Just as the Japanese learned to make cars in America without Japanese workers, Indian vendors are www.download photoshop cs7 learning to outsource without Indians, said Dennis McGuire, chairman of TPI, a www.download photoshop cs7 Texas-based outsourcing consultancy.
Though work that www.download photoshop cs7 bypasses India remains a small part of the Infosys business, it www.download photoshop cs7 is growing. The company can be highly secretive, but executives agreed to www.download photoshop cs7 describe some of the new projects on the condition that clients not be www.download photoshop cs7 identified.
In one project, an www.download photoshop cs7 American bank wanted a computer system to handle a loan program for www.download photoshop cs7 Hispanic customers. The system had to work in Spanish. It also had www.download photoshop cs7 to take into account variables particular to Hispanic clients: many, for www.download photoshop cs7 instance, remit money to families abroad, which can affect their bank balances. The bank thought a www.download photoshop cs7 Mexican team would have the right language skills and grasp of cultural nuances.
But instead of going to www.download photoshop cs7 a Mexican vendor, or to an American vendor with Mexican operations, the www.download photoshop cs7 bank retained three dozen engineers at Infosys, which had recently opened shop in Monterrey, Mexico.
Such is www.download photoshop cs7 the new outsourcing: A company in the United States pays an www.download photoshop cs7 Indian vendor 7,000 miles away to supply it with Mexican engineers working 150 miles south of the www.download photoshop cs7 United States border.
In Europe, too, companies now hire Infosys to www.download photoshop cs7 manage back offices in their own backyards. When an American manufacturer, for www.download photoshop cs7 instance, needed a system to handle bills from multiple vendors supplying its factories in different European countries, it www.download photoshop cs7 turned to the Indian company. The manufacturer’s different locations scan the www.download photoshop cs7 invoices and send them to an office of Infosys, where each bill is www.download photoshop cs7 passed to the right language team. The teams verify the orders and www.download photoshop cs7 send the payment to the suppliers while logged in to the www.download photoshop cs7 client’s computer system.
More than www.download photoshop cs7 a dozen languages are spoken at the Infosys office, which is www.download photoshop cs7 in Brno, Czech Republic.
The American program here in Mysore is www.download photoshop cs7 meant to keep open that pipeline of diversity.
Most trainees here have www.download photoshop cs7 no software knowledge. By teaching novices, Infosys saves money and hopes to www.download photoshop cs7 attract workers who will turn down better-known companies for the chance to www.download photoshop cs7 learn a new skill.
“It’s the equivalent of a bachelor’s in computer science in six months,” said Melissa Adams, a www.download photoshop cs7 22-year-old trainee. Ms. Adams graduated last spring from the University of Washington with a business degree, and rejected Google for Infosys.
And yet, even as outsourcing takes on new directions, old perceptions linger.
For instance, when www.download photoshop cs7 Jeff Rand, a 23-year-old American trainee, told his grandmother he was moving to www.download photoshop cs7 India to work as a software engineer for six months, “she said, ‘Maybe I’ll get to talk to you when I have a problem with my credit card.’ ”
Said Mr. Rand with a rueful chuckle, “It took me about two or www.download photoshop cs7 three weeks to explain to my grandma that I was not going to www.download photoshop cs7 be working in a call center.”
From the New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/25/business/worldbusiness/25outsource.html?em&ex=1190952000&en=1f7d89ef7b1299ea&ei=5087%0A